var-202001-0631
Vulnerability from variot
A certain router administration interface (that includes Realtek APMIB 0.11f for Boa 0.94.14rc21) allows remote attackers to retrieve the configuration, including sensitive data (usernames and passwords). This affects TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0, A702R through 2.1.3, N301RT through 2.1.6, N302R through 3.4.0, N300RT through 3.4.0, N200RE through 4.0.0, N150RT through 3.4.0, and N100RE through 3.4.0; Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12; Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12; CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12; KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12; Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12; Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12; Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12. Multiple products contain vulnerabilities in insufficient protection of credentials.Information may be obtained. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ MULTIPLE VULNERABILITIES IN SEVERAL SERIES OF REALTEK SDK BASED ROUTERS (TOTOLINK AND MANY OTHER)
Blazej Adamczyk (br0x)
blazej.adamczyk@gmail.com
https://sploit.tech/
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11.12.2019
1 Sensitive data disclosure and incorrect access control in several series of Realtek SDK based routers ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
CVE: CVE-2019-19822
SDK vendor: Realtek
Device vendor: TOTOLINK, Sapido, CIK Telecom, Fibergate Inc., MAX-C300N, T-BROAD and possibly others..
Product: Realtek SDK based routers backed by Boa HTTP server (and possibly others) and using apmib library for memory management.
This affects: • TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0, • TOTOLINK 702R through 2.1.3, • TOTOLINK N301RT through 2.1.6, • TOTOLINK N302R through 3.4.0, • TOTOLINK N300RT through 3.4.0, • TOTOLINK N200RE through 4.0.0, • TOTOLINK N150RT through 3.4.0, and • TOTOLINK N100RE through 3.4.0; • Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12; • Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12; • CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12; • KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12; • Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12; • Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; • HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; • T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12; • Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and • IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12; and • possibly others.
Technical details: The apmib library at some point of initialization dumps the whole memory contents the file /web/config.dat. This folder is actually used by the boa http server as index directory. Additionally if the router is configured for form-based authentication the access control verifies credentials only for some URLs but ".dat" files are not restricted. This issue does not affect routers which use HTTP Basic authentication to secure all URLs.
PoC: ┌──── │ $ curl http://routerip/config.dat └────
2 Password stored in plaintext in Realtek SDK based routers ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
CVE: CVE-2019-19823
SDK vendor: Realtek
Device vendor: TOTOLINK, Sapido, CIK Telecom, Fibergate Inc., MAX-C300N, T-BROAD and possibly others..
Product: Realtek SDK based routers backed by Boa HTTP server (and possibly others) and using apmib library for memory management.
Boa Version: <= Boa/0.94.14rc21 SDK Version: < 2020/02/15
Description: Realtek SDK based routers (that includes Realtek APMIB 0.11f and Boa HTTP server 0.94.14rc21) store passwords in plaintext.
This affects: • TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0, • TOTOLINK 702R through 2.1.3, • TOTOLINK N301RT through 2.1.6, • TOTOLINK N302R through 3.4.0, • TOTOLINK N300RT through 3.4.0, • TOTOLINK N200RE through 4.0.0, • TOTOLINK N150RT through 3.4.0, and • TOTOLINK N100RE through 3.4.0; • Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12; • Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12; • CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12; • KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12; • Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12; • Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; • HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; • T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12; • Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and • IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12; and • possibly others.
Technical details: Data stored in memory in COMPCS (apmib library) format contains device administration and other passwords in plaintext. The apmib library additionally at some point of initialization dumps the whole memory contents the file /web/config.dat which might be used to easily retrieve user passwords.
3 Code execution in several TOTOLINK routers ════════════════════════════════════════════
CVE: CVE-2019-19824
Vendor: TOTOLINK
Product: TOTOLINK Realtek SDK based routers
Boa Version: <= Boa/0.94.14rc21
Description: On several Realted SDK based TOTOLINK routers, an authenticated attacker may execute arbitrary OS commands via the sysCmd parameter to the boafrm/formSysCmd URI, even if the GUI (syscmd.htm) is not available. This allows for full control over the device's internals.
This affects: • A3002RU through 2.0.0, • A702R through 2.1.3, • N301RT through 2.1.6, • N302R through 3.4.0, • N300RT through 3.4.0, • N200RE through 4.0.0, • N150RT through 3.4.0, • N100RE through 3.4.0, and • possibly others.
PoC: ┌──── │ $ curl 'http://routerip/boafrm/formSysCmd' --user "admin:password" │ --data 'submit-url=%2Fsyscmd.htm&sysCmdselect=5&sysCmdselects=0& │ save_apply=Run+Command&sysCmd=cp%20%2Fetc%2Fpasswd%20%2Fweb%2Fxxxx.dat' └────
4 Incorrectly implemented captcha protection in TOTOLINK routers ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
CVE: CVE-2019-19825
Vendor: TOTOLINK
Product: TOTOLINK Realtek SDK based routers
Boa Version: <= Boa/0.94.14rc21
Description: Guessable captcha vulnerability (CWE-804) in several series of TOTOLINK routers allows a remote attacker to automatically login to the router without reading and providing real captcha.
The following command returns captcha in plain text: ┌──── │ $ curl 'http://routerip/boafrm/formLogin' --data '{"topicurl":"setting/getSanvas"}' └────
Additionally by using the HTTP Basic in a HEADER the attacker can execute router actions without providing captcha at all.
This affects: • A3002RU through 2.0.0, • A702R through 2.1.3, • N301RT through 2.1.6, • N302R through 3.4.0, • N300RT through 3.4.0, • N200RE through 4.0.0, • N150RT through 3.4.0, • N100RE through 3.4.0, and • possibly others.
5 Exploiting all together on TOTOLINK routers ═════════════════════════════════════════════
CVSS v3 socre: 9.6 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (assuming Administrative Access on WAN is enabled the score is 10.0)
Exploiting all the vulnerabilities together allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute any code with root permissions and reveal administration password.
The only thing that is needed is the access to router administration interface (either access to local network or Administrative Access on WAN enabled)
Description, video and possibly an exploit: https://sploit.tech/2019/12/16/Realtek-TOTOLINK.html
Timeline: • 17.12.2019 - Contacted all identified vendors, i.e. TOTOLINK, CIK Telecom, Sapido, Fibergate and Coship. • 18.12.2019 - received TOTOLINK first line support response totally not related to my message and showing me how to log into my router. I responded right away and asked to forward the message to technical/security team. • 19.12.2019 - received response from CIK Telecom stating that the routers support encryption (SIC!). I replied asking to forward the message to technical/security team. • 19.12.20219 - CIK Telecom responded that for further assistance I should contact them over the phone. I replied that I need to explain the details as a written message as this is technical. • 27.12.2019, 06.01.2020 - I resent the messages to TOTOLINK and CIK Telecom but none have replied till the date of disclosure. • 06.01.2020 - I finally contacted Realtek as the Supplier of the SDK. • 10.01.2020 - I got a response and I replied with encrypted details on the bugs. • 14-15.01.2020 - Realtek replied that the issue with dumping configuration by apmib exists but it is not directly exploitable in the defualt SDK configuration becuase it uses HTTP Basic authentication which protects all URLs. They agreed however that most of the Vendors modify the software including authentication mechanism thus making it vulnerable. • 23.01.2020 - Realtek responded that they are goining to fix the issue with dumping configuration to the config.dat file in version released on 15.02.2020. They also said that after fixing the issue the impact of storing password in plaintext is less significant thus they will not fix the CVE-2019-19823 yet but will try to fix it in the future.
Temporary workaround: Unfortunately I did not get any good information from real vendors like TOTOLINK and for now I would suggest to disable administration interface from WAN and restricting LAN router administration interface access using some kind of firewall if possible.
Credit: Blazej Adamczyk | blazej.adamczyk@gmail.com | http://sploit.tech/
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"data": "A certain router administration interface (that includes Realtek APMIB 0.11f for Boa 0.94.14rc21) allows remote attackers to retrieve the configuration, including sensitive data (usernames and passwords). This affects TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0, A702R through 2.1.3, N301RT through 2.1.6, N302R through 3.4.0, N300RT through 3.4.0, N200RE through 4.0.0, N150RT through 3.4.0, and N100RE through 3.4.0; Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12; Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12; CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12; KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12; Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12; Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12; T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12; Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12. Multiple products contain vulnerabilities in insufficient protection of credentials.Information may be obtained. \u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\n MULTIPLE VULNERABILITIES IN SEVERAL SERIES OF\n REALTEK SDK BASED ROUTERS (TOTOLINK AND MANY\n OTHER)\n\n\n Blazej Adamczyk (br0x)\n blazej.adamczyk@gmail.com\n https://sploit.tech/\n \u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\n\n\n 11.12.2019\n\n\n\n\n\n1 Sensitive data disclosure and incorrect access control in several series\nof Realtek SDK based routers\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n CVE: CVE-2019-19822\n\n SDK vendor: Realtek\n\n Device vendor: TOTOLINK, Sapido, CIK Telecom, Fibergate Inc.,\n MAX-C300N, T-BROAD and possibly others.. \n\n Product: Realtek SDK based routers backed by Boa HTTP server (and\n possibly others) and using apmib library for memory management. \n\n This affects:\n \u2022 TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK 702R through 2.1.3,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N301RT through 2.1.6,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N302R through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N300RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N200RE through 4.0.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N150RT through 3.4.0, and\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N100RE through 3.4.0;\n \u2022 Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and\n \u2022 IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12; and\n \u2022 possibly others. \n\n Technical details: The apmib library at some point of initialization\n dumps the whole memory contents the file /web/config.dat. This folder\n is actually used by the boa http server as index directory. \n Additionally if the router is configured for form-based authentication\n the access control verifies credentials only for some URLs but \".dat\"\n files are not restricted. This issue does not affect routers which use\n HTTP Basic authentication to secure all URLs. \n\n PoC:\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n \u2502 $ curl http://routerip/config.dat\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n\n\n2 Password stored in plaintext in Realtek SDK based routers\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n CVE: CVE-2019-19823\n\n SDK vendor: Realtek\n\n Device vendor: TOTOLINK, Sapido, CIK Telecom, Fibergate Inc.,\n MAX-C300N, T-BROAD and possibly others.. \n\n Product: Realtek SDK based routers backed by Boa HTTP server (and\n possibly others) and using apmib library for memory management. \n\n Boa Version: \u003c= Boa/0.94.14rc21 SDK Version: \u003c 2020/02/15\n\n Description: Realtek SDK based routers (that includes Realtek APMIB\n 0.11f and Boa HTTP server 0.94.14rc21) store passwords in plaintext. \n\n This affects:\n \u2022 TOTOLINK A3002RU through 2.0.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK 702R through 2.1.3,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N301RT through 2.1.6,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N302R through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N300RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N200RE through 4.0.0,\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N150RT through 3.4.0, and\n \u2022 TOTOLINK N100RE through 3.4.0;\n \u2022 Rutek RTK 11N AP through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Sapido GR297n through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 CIK TELECOM MESH ROUTER through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 KCTVJEJU Wireless AP through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Fibergate FGN-R2 through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Hi-Wifi MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 HCN MAX-C300N through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 T-broad GN-866ac through 2019-12-12;\n \u2022 Coship EMTA AP through 2019-12-12; and\n \u2022 IO-Data WN-AC1167R through 2019-12-12; and\n \u2022 possibly others. \n\n Technical details: Data stored in memory in COMPCS (apmib library)\n format contains device administration and other passwords in\n plaintext. The apmib library additionally at some point of\n initialization dumps the whole memory contents the file\n /web/config.dat which might be used to easily retrieve user passwords. \n\n\n3 Code execution in several TOTOLINK routers\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n CVE: CVE-2019-19824\n\n Vendor: TOTOLINK\n\n Product: TOTOLINK Realtek SDK based routers\n\n Boa Version: \u003c= Boa/0.94.14rc21\n\n Description: On several Realted SDK based TOTOLINK routers, an\n authenticated attacker may execute arbitrary OS commands via the\n sysCmd parameter to the boafrm/formSysCmd URI, even if the GUI\n (syscmd.htm) is not available. This allows for full control over the\n device\u0027s internals. \n\n This affects:\n \u2022 A3002RU through 2.0.0,\n \u2022 A702R through 2.1.3,\n \u2022 N301RT through 2.1.6,\n \u2022 N302R through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N300RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N200RE through 4.0.0,\n \u2022 N150RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N100RE through 3.4.0, and\n \u2022 possibly others. \n\n PoC:\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n \u2502 $ curl \u0027http://routerip/boafrm/formSysCmd\u0027 --user \"admin:password\" \n \u2502 --data \u0027submit-url=%2Fsyscmd.htm\u0026sysCmdselect=5\u0026sysCmdselects=0\u0026\n \u2502 save_apply=Run+Command\u0026sysCmd=cp%20%2Fetc%2Fpasswd%20%2Fweb%2Fxxxx.dat\u0027\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n\n\n4 Incorrectly implemented captcha protection in TOTOLINK routers\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n CVE: CVE-2019-19825\n\n Vendor: TOTOLINK\n\n Product: TOTOLINK Realtek SDK based routers\n\n Boa Version: \u003c= Boa/0.94.14rc21\n\n Description: Guessable captcha vulnerability (CWE-804) in several\n series of TOTOLINK routers allows a remote attacker to automatically\n login to the router without reading and providing real captcha. \n\n The following command returns captcha in plain text:\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n \u2502 $ curl \u0027http://routerip/boafrm/formLogin\u0027 --data \u0027{\"topicurl\":\"setting/getSanvas\"}\u0027\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n\n Additionally by using the HTTP Basic in a HEADER the attacker can\n execute router actions without providing captcha at all. \n\n This affects:\n \u2022 A3002RU through 2.0.0,\n \u2022 A702R through 2.1.3,\n \u2022 N301RT through 2.1.6,\n \u2022 N302R through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N300RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N200RE through 4.0.0,\n \u2022 N150RT through 3.4.0,\n \u2022 N100RE through 3.4.0, and\n \u2022 possibly others. \n\n\n5 Exploiting all together on TOTOLINK routers\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n\n CVSS v3 socre: 9.6 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (assuming\n Administrative Access on WAN is enabled the score is 10.0)\n\n Exploiting all the vulnerabilities together allows a remote\n unauthenticated attacker to execute any code with root permissions and\n reveal administration password. \n\n The only thing that is needed is the access to router administration\n interface (either access to local network or Administrative Access on\n WAN enabled)\n\n Description, video and possibly an exploit:\n https://sploit.tech/2019/12/16/Realtek-TOTOLINK.html\n\n Timeline:\n \u2022 17.12.2019 - Contacted all identified vendors, i.e. TOTOLINK, CIK\n Telecom, Sapido, Fibergate and Coship. \n \u2022 18.12.2019 - received TOTOLINK first line support response totally\n not related to my message and showing me how to log into my router. \n I responded right away and asked to forward the message to\n technical/security team. \n \u2022 19.12.2019 - received response from CIK Telecom stating that the\n routers support encryption (SIC!). I replied asking to forward the\n message to technical/security team. \n \u2022 19.12.20219 - CIK Telecom responded that for further assistance I\n should contact them over the phone. I replied that I need to explain\n the details as a written message as this is technical. \n \u2022 27.12.2019, 06.01.2020 - I resent the messages to TOTOLINK and CIK\n Telecom but none have replied till the date of disclosure. \n \u2022 06.01.2020 - I finally contacted Realtek as the Supplier of the SDK. \n \u2022 10.01.2020 - I got a response and I replied with encrypted details\n on the bugs. \n \u2022 14-15.01.2020 - Realtek replied that the issue with dumping\n configuration by apmib exists but it is not directly exploitable in\n the defualt SDK configuration becuase it uses HTTP Basic\n authentication which protects all URLs. They agreed however that\n most of the Vendors modify the software including authentication\n mechanism thus making it vulnerable. \n \u2022 23.01.2020 - Realtek responded that they are goining to fix the\n issue with dumping configuration to the config.dat file in version\n released on 15.02.2020. They also said that after fixing the issue\n the impact of storing password in plaintext is less significant thus\n they will not fix the CVE-2019-19823 yet but will try to fix it in\n the future. \n\n Temporary workaround: Unfortunately I did not get any good information\n from real vendors like TOTOLINK and for now I would suggest to disable\n administration interface from WAN and restricting LAN router\n administration interface access using some kind of firewall if\n possible. \n\n Credit: Blazej Adamczyk | blazej.adamczyk@gmail.com | http://sploit.tech/\n",
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- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.